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Filtering for $null Values with Get-ADUser

Get-ADUser includes a -Filter parameter that lets you define queries for users with specific characteristics. Today I was trying to figure out how to filter for $null values.  Here is my example of why you might care to do this...... Let's say that in your organization, that you always set the Department attribute to match the department that users work in. This could be required for dynamic groups or address books. You've just created 100 new users, but forgot to configure the department. You need to make a query for all of the users without a department configured. My first attempt was this: Get-ADUser -Filter {company -eq $null} However, this generates an error. You can't use $null in a filter. What finally worked was this: Get-ADUser -Filter {company -notlike "*"} The gets a list of users where the company attribute is not like anything. I should also note that if you try to query for not equal (-ne) then it will skip $null values when comparing. The above exa...
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OAuth Certificates with Hybrid Exchange

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Older versions of Microsoft Exchange in a hybrid configuration with Exchange Online (EXO) used a federation trust to authenticate connections for free/busy information. Newer hybrid deployments of Exchange 2016/2019 use OAuth authentication instead of federation. OAuth authentication is reliant on the Auth certificate in your on-premises Exchange. This certificate is created automatically with a lifetime of 5 years when you install Exchange Server on-premises. If this certificate has been replaced, then you also need to update Azure AD with the new certificate information. The simplest way to update the information is by running the hybrid wizard again after you update the Auth certificate. I wrote a previous post about renewing/updating the Exchange Server Auth certificate here: http://byronwright.blogspot.com/2018/05/expired-microsoft-exchange-server-auth.html If you update the Exchange Server Auth certificate and forget to update the information in Azure AD, you are likely to see fr...
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Stop SBS from Shutting Down

We are currently migrating a client from SBS 2003 to SBS 2008. We've joined the new computer to the the domain, and run DCpromo on the SBS 2003 computer to remove the DC status. However, after seven days, SBS 2003 will start giving an error stating that it needs to be a DC and will shut down every 60 minutes ( http://support.microsoft.com/kb/555087 )! We need another few days to work on the migration. The Microsoft recommended solution for this is to insert disc 1, run setup, and remove the SBS 2003 component. This will leave a plain Win 2003 server without the shutdown issue. However, when I attempted to do this, setup errored out indicating that I was trying to upgrade to an older version which was not possible. Removing service packs may have worked, but here is a faster work around taken from a guy named Alan ( http://social.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/whssoftware/thread/af4fc3b4-bb50-4c5e-b09a-72ef2c3ac687 ) I've found a slightly more elegant solution to this problem rather...
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